Wings :: Essays Papers

Wings Calvin Coolidge once said, The chief business of the the Statesn people is business. This statement is as true today as it was when Coolidge said it because America is by and large defined by the nature of the businesses that drive its economy. One of the major economy driving businesses in America is Boeing, an aircraft production company with plants all over the united States. The aircraft produced by Boeing are used for military and commuter services. The Boeing 747 commuter jet has become the symbol of the company, and a great symbol of what America is all about. Diversity, efficiency, and creative thinking are terms used to describe America, but now they are being used by the Boeing Company to describe the Boeing 747. Nothing on the step up of the Boeing 747 would lead one to believe diversity could be related to it in any way at all, but if one considers the production and the materials of the airplane itself, it is effortless to realize that the Boeing 747 is, in fact, diverse. People from all over the world with parts from all over the world produce the Boeing 747 in factories located throughout the join States. Just like America, the Boeing 747 has a tradition of resiliency because of the hard work and dedication of the people who fuel its production. Diversity allows continual change for the better to produce place America and the Boeing 747 are no exception to the rule. Speed and efficiency have been the most important attributes of any means of transportation produced in the fall in States since the Industrial Revolution, and considering the fact that the Boeing 747 is capable of delivering hundreds of passengers to a desired location on time, one could safely say that the Boeing 747 is quick and efficient. For the most part, people in America and on the Boeing 747 are there because they have goals and destinations that they wishing to reach as quickly as possible. The Boeing 747 and America provide Americans and foreigners alik e with the opportunity to get where they want to go without wasting time. Any decrease in the speed and efficiency Americans have come to expect from the Boeing 747 would mark the beginning of the end of its wide short-circuit use and existence. Perhaps the most important factor going in to creating something like the Boeing 747 is creativity itself.

Notes on Chemical Bonding :: Chemistry

Chemical notes on bondingIonic bonding-This occurs between metals and non metals-Fe2+/3+, Cu+/2+, Zn2+, No3- -Metals loose electrons, non metals achieve electrons. -Ionic compounds conduct electricity when dissolved, but not when solid, they also encounter high m & b points due to strong whale 3d lattice. They are also soluble in water as they confirm a charge-Metal atoms always form positive charged electrons while non metals from negatively charged electronsMetallic Bonding-They conduct electricity due to a sea of delocalised electrons-They have a lattice of positive atoms. -Transition metals contribute twain S and D electrons in the sea of electrons-The attraction is between the ions and mobile valence electrons and not between the layers, this means they can bend over for each one other-The large the number of valence electrons and the smaller the atoms and the stronger the metallic bonding Covalent bonding-Between non metals with high electron values -Can have single, divalent, or triple bondsBond strength C C single bond, longest type of bond (154) however is the easiest to break (346)C=C double bond, second longest bond (134) and second hardest to break (598)C=C triple bond, smallest bond (121) however is the hardest to break (837)Predicting the type of bonding(1) From electronegativity electronegativity is the strength of an element/atom to pull electrons towards itself. Metals have a very low electronegativity as they lose electrons in ionic bonding, however non metals have a higher electronegativity as they gain electrons in ionic bonding.(2) From position in the periodic tableMetal + non metal = ionic bondingNon metal + non metal = covalent bonding Simple molecular structureMolecular covalent bonds have low m & b points because of weak intermolecular forces called Van Der Waals forces. (more on this later)Giant covalent structuresDiamond and graphite both have these structures but they are very different. They both have a giant lattice wit h strong covalent bonds, in the case of Diamond it is 3d and very hard to break in any way, however with graphite it is provided 2d so can be broken if cracked in a certain way. These structures have very high melting and boiling points. BuckminsterfullerereA family of ball shaped C-molecules in which there are around 60 atoms which are found in ball shapes. Uses are being investigated in nano-thecnology. These substances are soluble in non-polar solventsPolar bondsThe larger the difference in electronegativity the greater the strength of the polar bond. Now the hard stuff

The Inmate - Original Writing :: Papers

The Inmate - Original Writing The sounds of the keys echoed across the hallway. Past from each one set of bars the keys rang a wanted freedom. As the keys and the guard strolled past, almost motionless bodies turned, all drawing closer to the keys. Closer, closer stop. The cold bars make the wall that could not be broken. The freedom. All work force were on this wall except one. One set of hands lay quiet, still and with no movement. These hands belonged to a tall, dark-haired person, a man, and a ghost? ===================================================================== As the guard reached the end of the hallway this sly-looking being whispered, Its mine Laughter spread across the cages as usual. You on the high again, nock? sniggered Jon. Wait and see, wait and see. The evil laugh that sounded after seemed to be from the movies. The component part trembled. Everyone just lay quiet. The next morning appeared as quickly as the routine it was accustomed to. The inmates were ga in that respectd for breakfast, given time outside for some exercise and then brought back to their cages. Same routine, aforementioned(prenominal) times, same people-but today something was different. Something was just not right. What is it bout today? questioned Henry, Its just so strange. I cant put my finger on it. The other men nodded in agreement Yeah, it feels standardised some one jus died, replied Mark The hall filled with an uneasy silence. Mark got up and looked outside the small window, in the back of is cell he stood there gazing. He said to himself, Ive spent too long in here, 20 years of my life, 20 years for something I didnt even do. A strange voice then called, Mark Mark I will set u free he turned but nothing again the voice Mark, Mark still nothing. Mark turned to his fellow inmates and shouted, Who is that? they all looked at him blankly. He ran to the cold

Role of Nature in Mary Shelley’s Mathilda Essays -- Mathilda

Role of Nature in Mary Shelleys MathildaThe naturalistic imagery that pervades Mary Shelleys Mathilda acts as an underlying theme for the incestuous affair between Mathilda and her father and its unruly consequences. Their relationship is a crime against the laws of Nature and causes Mathilda to become ostracized from the very origination that she loved as a child. Shelleys implementation of naturalistic imagery accentuates the unlawful and subsequent ramifications of the relationship between Mathilda and her father and contrasts the ideals and boundaries of the natural and spiritual institutions. naturalistic imagery encompasses Mathildas childhood as she is prompted to take solace in Nature due to the lack of affection she receives from her stern aunt, whom she describes as being a plant beneath a thick covering of ice (1343). Mathilda besets a dreary childhood lacking in affection and allyship by enough lost in the dynamics of Nature I loved everything, even the inanimate obj ects that surrounded me. I believe that I bore an individual fixing to every tree in our park every animal that inhabited it knew me and I loved themBut my pleasure arose from the contemplates of nature alone, I had no companion my warm affections finding no return from any other kind heart were forced to run waste on inanimate objects (1343-44). The lack of human affection that she experiences incites her to long for the father that abandoned her as an infant. Mathilda likens herself to being a solitary being that brought Rosalind and Miranda and the lady of Comus to life to be my companions, or on my islet acted over their parts imagining myself to be in their situations (1344). The reference to Rosalind from Shakespeares As You Like ... ...I should raise my eyes fearlessly to meet his, which ever beamed with the soft brilliancy of innocent love (1373). It is fitting that it is Nature that commences the end of Mathildas life. She grows mortally ill after becoming lost in the f orest after Woodville leaves, and and then during her last days, she chooses to die surrounded by Nature I caused myself to be led once more to behold the face of nature (1376). Death represents changeover to Mathilda, in which she can exist in a world that wont judge her feelings as unfit. In her farewell to Woodville, Mathilda illustrates her feelings of alienation from the natural world and how death will allow for her to escape such feelings Farewell, Woodville, the turf will soon be green on my grave and the violets will bloom on it. There is my hope and my expectation yours are in this world may they be fulfilled (1376).

The Interaction of Culture and Technology throughout History :: World History

The Interaction of Culture and Technology throughout HistoryThroughout human history, the en rangyment of technology has been dependent on the cultural environment into which it was introduced. Intricacies in social and cultural beliefs are among the reasons Europes technological dominance and expansion from the 15-1600s to the early twentieth century. In addition, isolation and cultural conservatism are among the main reasons that Chinese culture, whose inventions range from paper to the wheelbarrow, never capitalized on their large technological advantage to expand their Empire. This and other examples demonstrate the need of our society to create a society that promotes not only the innovation but the adoption of sassy technologies.Before delving into the diverse examples of technologies constrained by culture, we should consider the example which has become the poster child for social control of both technology and environment. According to the jump chapter of Clive Pontings Green History of the World easterly Island flourished as a society for a thousand years starting from approximately the fifth century. Hallmarked by the large stone heads that are scattered across the island, Easter Island collapsed as a society because of the mass deforestation and destruction carried out by the islanders. The large trees that were present on Easter Island were used by the islanders for a large number of traditional applications. Large canoes were fashioned for sea fishing, bark was used for creating nets, and lumber was used for building houses. The most significant technology that the trees of Easter Island were employed for was the transportation of the totemic heads that represented tribal status in the Islands culture. Easter Island, like so many other early and modern civilizations, went close employing the environmental resources of the island around them. Within about a thousand years they had around completely deforested Easter Island and their complex society and large population had collapsed. What is most important about Easter Island is not that a society overused its environment and collapsed many different cultures have in the past overextended their environment and many do so immediately. No doubt we shall continue to do so into the future. What is prevalent about Easter Island is the reason the islanders deforested their environment. The large stone heads that the Easter Islanders employed as symbols of status in their society require trees for their transportation. More than 600 of the heads dot the landscape today and there are others left incomplete in the Easter Island quarries.

The Interaction of Culture and Technology throughout History :: World History

The Interaction of Culture and Technology throughout HistoryThroughout human history, the expansion of technology has been dependent on the cultural environment into which it was introduced. Intricacies in social and cultural beliefs are among the reasons Europes technological dominance and expansion from the 15-1600s to the early twentieth century. In addition, isolation and cultural conservatism are among the main reasons that Chinese culture, whose inventions range from paper to the wheelbarrow, never capitalized on their macro technological emolument to expand their Empire. This and other examples demonstrate the need of our society to create a society that promotes not only the innovation but the adoption of new technologies. ahead delving into the diverse examples of technologies constrained by culture, we should consider the example which has become the poster child for social control of both technology and environment. According to the first chapter of Clive Pontings Gree n History of the World easter Island flourished as a society for a thousand years starting from approximately the fifth century. Hallmarked by the large stone heads that are scattered across the island, Easter Island collapsed as a society because of the mass deforestation and destruction carried out by the islanders. The large trees that were point on Easter Island were apply by the islanders for a large number of traditional applications. Large canoes were fashioned for sea fishing, bark was used for creating nets, and timber was used for building houses. The most significant technology that the trees of Easter Island were employed for was the transportation of the totemic heads that represented tribal status in the Islands culture. Easter Island, alike(p) so many other early and modern civilizations, went about employing the environmental resources of the island around them. Within about a thousand years they had almost tout ensemble deforested Easter Island and their comple x society and large population had collapsed. What is most important about Easter Island is not that a society overused its environment and collapsed many different cultures have in the past overextended their environment and many do so today. No doubt we shall continue to do so into the future. What is prevalent about Easter Island is the reason the islanders deforested their environment. The large stone heads that the Easter Islanders employed as symbols of status in their society require trees for their transportation. More than 600 of the heads dot the landscape today and thither are others left incomplete in the Easter Island quarries.

Yellow Ribbon Project

PR Assignment 1 Background Sheet Generating Yellow medallion Project Campaign Awareness 1. About the Organization ca meetal of Singapore Prison Services Singapore Prison Services (SPS) is a division of the Singapore jurisprudence Force that concentrates on the care and rehabilitation of prisoners who have committed social or criminal offences. The organization does not merely concentrate on hold and providing guidance for inmates while they are in remand, it is too dedicated to ensure that no repeat offences ensue.Thus, a major portion of their efforts also concentrate on providing inmates with basic employment skills in hopes of preventing past criminal behaviour from surfacing upon their release into familiarity. This indicates that the SPS provides preventive and after-care measures to maintain takeer prison inmates compliance with the law as a good deal as possible. (Source http//www. prisons. gov. sg/about_us. html) 2. About the PR SituationIn 2005, SPS services realized that antecedent inmates released into society faced social stigma in the form of negative domain opinions of being ex-offenders and are often denied employment or rejected by society. Such public opinions are harmful and repressive. Seitel (1998, pp50) describes Public feeling as the aggregate of many individual opinions on a particular issue that affects a group of people by forming consensus or popular attitudes and thoughts. The constituent of the PR practitioner then is to positively influence an individuals attitude.As known in the above definition, public opinions represent popular thoughts that can stress an inmates re-integration into society a daunting task. Without the means of finding acceptance or a proper means of living, many relapse prat into a liveliness of crime, a paradox that can be resolved through a public relations campaign that aims to educate and seek acceptance. As such, the Yellow Ribbon Project as a public relations campaign in a long-term program that sought to change public perceptions of ex-offenders was launched in order to deliver a second chance.In this situation, the SPS has been providing culinary training to a group of inmates in conjunction with Raffles Hotel (Singapore) that has culminated in a educateing competition. A renowned chef has been at helm in training them and he has marvelled at their ability to pick up skills in a abruptly time. The newsworthiness of this initiative begins with prison inmates partaking in a grand cooking competition not unlike the Iron Chef series.Thus, a Media release highlighting the place setting of the cooking competition and a feature article in the form of a personality profile written by an SPS Public Relations administrator trail be provided for the purposes of fulfilling this assignment. 3. Reasons for Using PR Communication 3. 1 Media Release It is deemed that to generate positive publicity and sentiency of the bizarre cooking competition in conjunction with this years Yellow Ribbon Project (YRP), a media release will be sent to newspaper editors in Singapore in hope that the story will be printed and generate interest and positive awareness.A media release has been described by Seitel (1998, pp175) as a document of render to state an organizations official position or to influence a publication to write favourably about the material discussed and stimulate editors to proceed a story. As readers tend to perceive news articles with more credibility, it is hoped that the use of a media release information transformed into a news article will fulfil the communicative objectives of the YRP better in terms of reach and credibility than using an advertisement or provision of information on the organizations website. 3. Feature Article-Personality Profile For the second communication tool, a personality profile of a former prison inmate who has found moderate success as a food hawker will be written by an SPS Public Affairs executive and published in a local Singapore Newspaper, The Straits Times special(a) edition that covers the YRP in October. In addition, the personality profile will also be posted on the SPS website for maximum coverage. A feature article has been described by Seitel (1998, pp203) as articles found in magazines or newspapers that are the opposite of hard news items, often light, humorous or enlightening.In this scenario, the feature article is utilized to disseminate slight newsworthy (there is less news-worth in a story about a former sentence turned cook) information in more subtle ways to break misconceptions that ex-offenders, like leopards, neer change spots. The feature article is thus useful when less important information needs to be conveyed to the publics of a PR campaign that nevertheless, represents a supporting communication device in meeting campaign objectives. ReferencesSeitel, FP, 1998, The answer of Public Relations, 7th edn, Prentice-Hall, NY, USA. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE (LOGO) INMATE S SHOWCASE CULINARY TALENT AT FIRST-EVER YELLOW RIBBON COOKING COMPETITION Singapore, September 9, 2010 Twelve inmates pit their culinary skills against one another in the Yellow Ribbon Cooking Competition held in Changi Prison Cluster A today. This milestone activity is the freshman in a series of Yellow Ribbon Project activities in 2007, organised by the Community Action for the Rehabilitation of Ex-Offenders (CARE) Network.The cooking competition was jointly organised by Raffles Hotel. Chef de Cuisine Jean-Charles Dubois from the hotels French fine-dining restaurant Raffles Grill was one of the judges at todays finals and was also heavily involved in preparing the inmates for the competition. This cooking competition simulates the kitchen environment and challenges faced by professional chefs. Participants were required to produce an original Western-style dish within a strict three-hour limit using predetermined ingredients and equipment. The participants showed promise and a genuine eagerness to learn, and this experience has been rewarding as I have been able to see the improvements they have been able to make, said Chef Dubois. To prepare participants for the competition, Chef Dubois visited the institutions five times and provided video instruction to introduce the ingredients and cooking methods to the inmates. The participation of inmates in this competition further reaffirms their finis to contribute to their families and society. Were proud to have our inmates creation featured at the prestigious Raffles Hotel.Chef Dubois contribution to our inmates also shows that the community is willing to take the lead in helping inmates in their rehabilitation and reintegration, said Mr. Desmond Chin, Chairman, Yellow Ribbon Project Organising Committee. Winning recipes will also be recreated at a special reunion lunch, A Tribute of Love, to be held in three days time for winners and their family members. Raffles Hotel will also feature the best dish on a Raffles menu, making it available to her patrons and guests. *ENDS* About Yellow Ribbon ProjectThe Yellow Ribbon Project is a nation-wide campaign to raise the awareness of Singaporeans about the need of inmates, ex-offenders and their families for societal acceptance. For more information, please contact Jale Byrd, Executive Public Affairs Branch, Singapore Prison Service Telephone 6565-6565 Email emailprotected gov. sg From The throw out Into The Frying Pan By Jale Byrd The bang and clatter you hear when you step into the hawker effect at Ang Mo Kio Avenue 10 is undeniably a dragons roar. Rueburn Liangs Chia Song Fried Kway Teow stall, which he has operated for the past 13 years, is synonymous with good food.It is also the most prolific stall at the busy food centre. The setup comes complete with a portable television and loud speakers that broadcast the latest soccer and professional wrestling matches. Frying a good plate of Char Kway Teow is an art. I bang loudly on the edge o f my wok to attract customers to my stall. The TV keeps them entertained, booms Rueburn, as he gesticulates with his charred spatula. Loud, vociferous and a former Ang Soon Tong (a Secret Society in Singapore) enforcer, you will be inclined to agree.Rueburn is a karate expert plastered with tattoos of flaming dragons over his massive frame, which are make conspicuous with his well-greased white singlet. The missing last finger on his right hand makes the mans dark, pockmarked face even more intimidating. besides lest you get alarmed, Rueburns lashings are taken out on his trusty wok, where he conjures mouth-watering plates of delicious, spicy and sinful Char Kway Teow. I had to chop shot off my last finger as a settlement for leaving the society in 1987, and a $800 Ang Pow (a red packet containing money, is seen as an benignant sign by the Chinese), he reveals without a hint of regret. Otherwise, they will never leave me alone. Now, those days are over. Luckily, somewhat of those people respect me, never very give me trouble. (A secret society member has to sever a finger to maintain his code of honour and pay an exit fee to leave the resistance organization without fear of repercussions) With all his dubious activities, an inevitable brush with the law saw Rueburn put behind bars for nine months. Rueburn broke the arm, skull and penis of a credit defaulter in a savage fight. The bone-breaking experience threw him into the fire of Queenstown gaol, a humbling experience for the former gangster. I really got burnt by the prison fire. We were made to kneel and live in a mini-hell. Sipeh Chor leh (Really Tough) Outside, I was a terror, but the others were hardened criminals and I seemed like a sissy compared to them. I didnt want to spend my life strolling in and out of jail. Sio jit pai kow liow (Getting burnt once was enough) I decided it was good for me to leave the society and turn to a decent living. I was right, says Rueburn with hindsight. (The crimina l slang for serving time in prison is tio her sio or getting burnt by fire) Rueburn, who alone completed primary education, was at a loss.The only decent job he was good at was cooking. His vocation as a military cook in the Singapore Armed Forces during his national service in 1983 cemented his culinary passion and served him in good stead. At the encouragement of his then girlfriend Fion (now Mrs Liang) and some savings, he successfully bid for a hawker stall and set up Chia Song in 1988. However, he learnt to perfect his Kway Teow frying skills only much later. Not easy to fry a good plate. True, it looks easy but I had to experiment many times before I was satisfiednow, I think I am getting there, Rueburn says modestly. Getting there? Its very good already One of the best in Singapore quips Elson Boey, a retired civil servant. There is unceasingly a long queue during lunch time. I think his secret is in the intensity of his fire. Hard work as it seems, Chia Song is a labour of love. The couple dedicates 12 hours a day amidst unforgiving flames to create a uniquely Singaporean masterpiece. The fire must always be strong and the leow (ingredients) must be fresh Timing is also very important, as you do not want to overcook the dish. Bah You (pork lard) must be used liberally, as it gives that special taste.You only live once ah, so live it good No need to be so healthy one. Indeed, row of culinary and hedonistic wisdom. It is lunchtime and an almost scandalous crowd forms. A haze of smoke clouds the sizzling sound of stir-fried garlic as they simmer in a pool of aromatic lard. Chee Seng furiously stirs in his noodles and kway teow into a heated wok smoldering under a furious fire. Within moments, arrays of delicious condiments are thrown and twisted into the fray, soaking in the thick flavour. When the rich smell of caramelized sweet sauce wafts under your nostrils, Rueburn has served another satisfied customer.A stolen glance around the hawker centre r eveals an assortment of harried but happy workers haphazardly sliding tantilising morsels of Fried Kway Teow down their throats. Echoing Elsons sentiments is Rachel Tua Kang, an auditor who works nearby. Simply fantabulous My diets never take off, this temptation is too much When told, Rueburn Liang brushes off his accolades as if they were burnt garlic bits on his flaming wok, his reddened face warms up into a outsize grin as he takes another drag of his Marlboro cigarettes. Ying siu nia, (they are just entertaining me) he jokingly retorts. It is closing time for the busy hawker and he takes a well-earned respite from the days backbreaking battle with his wok and emerges at the end of the day with a rosy complexion, no doubt made garden pink by the tremendous temperatures he has to endure. As Mrs. Liang cleans up the slobber knocker of a hawker stall, Rueburn takes delight in a leisurely smoke. Rightfully, he seeks puff in his daily bottle of bitter-cold ABC stout. Gleefully, he chugs down a glass of the icy brew. Ha ha, these days I only fight with my wok. My life could have turned out much worse There is no fear of getting burnt now. As he breaks into another cheerful smile, he bursts into a self-indulgent laughter, as if to remind himself of his good fortune. It is lunchtime again, and Rueburn busies himself over a brilliant hot wok. You might think a fire-breathing dragon was render the fire, as the flames turn to a ferocious blue fireball. However, the dragon is above the stove, controlling the fire. He has made the transaction of jumping from the fire into the frying pan.

Modern Slavery Essay

The Secret World of 27 Million People is an analysis of modern thraldom, spillage back to the history of slavery and the economic and political context of the present time. Other than the fact that it really places slavery into a much larger context, the adjudge excessively seems exhausting , with lots of statistical references and a broad analysis. Kevin Bales is a researcher who has devoted years to finding solutions to modern slavery. I feel that the audition of this book is the general public and those that want to learn more about slavery in the world today. The purpose of this text is to make readers more conscious(predicate) of what is going on and to give more information to hatful who are making an effort to cast off a stop to slavery.In tramp to put everything into context, the book shekelss with a chapter on the history of slavery, then moves into chapters that describe the different forms of modern slavery (including trafficking of women and children and child s oldiers), as well as the of modern slavery on the economy, on the environment or the global health.It also contains important recommendations, in the last chapter, as to what potential solutions governments and non-governmental organizations can implement in order to combat modern-day slavery. It is a thoroughly researched book, and is something I would use to get as many details on this subject as possible.Bickerstaff, Linda. Modern-Day Slavery. new York The Rosen Publishing Group Inc, 2010. Print. Modern-Day Slavery by Linda Bickerstaff does an great job in providing a basic introduction to modern slavery. The book uses simple scathe to bring the reader in front of the terrible tragedy that millions of individuals go to. It references several central books on this topic, including several by Kevin Bales, which provides the opportunity to go by means of some of the ideas that these writers present in a compilation of facts. Modern-Day slavery is a book full of simple research, b ut it also provides several sources that somebody who wants more in depth information can use.Bickerstaffs book is good initial research, for someone that may be unfamiliar with all the details to start the entire process of gathering information, structuring their work and providing the basis of the rest of the paper. It also provides a good number of other resources that can be used, including some of Kevin Bales books that apply been mentioned.Kara, Siddharth. Sex trafficking inside the business of modern slavery. New York Columbia University Press, 2009. Print.Kielburger, Craig, and Marc Kielburger. Obama challenges Americans to fight modern slavery. Vancouver Sun 1 Oct. 2012 n. pag. http//Vancouversun.com. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.This news bind refers to President Obamas speech at the Clinton Global Initiative. It is an impressive news article because it clearly shows where the highest authority in the United States stands on the issue President Obama clearly calls things by their true name, emphasizing and focusing in his speech on human trafficking and modern slavery.Kristof, Nicholas D.. The Face of Modern Slavery. New York Times 16 Nov. 2011 A3. nytimes.com. Web. 12 Jan. 2013.This article is about another form of modern slavery, sex trafficking. The article is important for this research because the story it tells is so vividly expressed that the reader really understands the evil of sex trafficking. The article tells the story of a young girl sold into a brothel in Cambodia when she was only six years old. The article also highlights one of the key causes of sex trafficking- demand. The only reason that sex trafficking exists and that situations like the one described in the article occur is that there are people buying these services. Combating demand is a key instrument in fighting sex trafficking. The article also talks about the importance of nongovernmental organizations that offer shelters and care to victims after they escape slavery.Polaris Pro ject Combating Human Trafficking and Modern-day Slavery.Polaris Project Combating Human Trafficking and Modern-day Slavery. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. .The website of the Polaris Project is focused on trafficking in the United States. It is important because many of the other existing websites are much more focused on fighting global slavery and trafficking opus this one focuses on our own country. Although there is not one specific author, the organization as a whole has relevant information of modern slavery. Poorer and ontogeny countries seem more subjected to such phenomena and the idea that this actually exists even in the US shows that modern slavery is not necessarily particular only to a certain category of countries. The website has several informative resources, including an interactive map that allows access to local information and resources.antislavery.com The lede Anti Slavery Site on the Net. antislavery.com The Leading Anti Slavery Site on the Net. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Jan. 2013. .This website is the site of Anti-Slavery International, a non-governmental Organization (NGO), that fights modern slavery at an international level. The website is useful from two perspectives. On one hand, it is a great informational resource for everybody interested in the subject. It does not limit itself to a particular category, it looks at everything from bondage labor to child labor, to obligate labor and trafficking. On the other hand, by showing what the organization does, it also looks at some of the instruments that are employed in fighting modern slavery. humanity outreach, for example, and partnerships, including with the business community, are excellent tools.

Placement Reflection Essay

Pembroke Residential Home, Saltburn10/02/14To daytime was my first day on agreement at Pembroke Residential home in Saltburn. When I first arrived I was a trivial nervous as I didnt know anybody and I wasnt sure on what to do because I didnt know their routine. The pressure eased off a bit after the first time of day because another(prenominal) savant came in as she was doing her block placement and I was told to just follow what she did as she had been before and k vernal what she was doing. Firstly, I observed the other student as she fed a resident, this made me feel a lot more at ease as I knew I would be doing this another tine and I was given the opportunity to observe first so I knew exactly what to do and how to act when I was pick outed to fees in the future this was a overconfident experience for me. I also had a integrity to one conversation with a resident about a programme that was on the television in the lounge. We talked for about 30 minutes and he seemed pleas ed that I had taken the time to sit a listen to him and stool a conversation with him. This was a positive experience for me and made me feel great as I felt I had made him feel happier. It also gave me a chance to stupefy to know the resident and use my communication skills using one to one interactions.Pembroke Residential Home, Saltburn03/03/14Today I was quite excited as I had been asked to sustenance a resident and this was an opportunity for me to get some experience of my own for the future. The resident is un fit to get out of bed as she provided has use of her upper half of her body so I took her breakfast upstairs (golden syrup porridge and a cup of tea which had to be drank through a straw) and fed her as well as having a one to one interaction with her. This was a positive experience for me and once I had finished I had to record everything that I had given her as every meal has to be recorded in her book. I felt good because the resident had a pull a face on her fa ce and seemed happy, also it was the first time on placement that I had interacted with a resident comparable this. I hope to be able to feed this resident in the future as I really enjoyed it.Pembroke Residential Home, Saltburn10/03/14I was a bit disappointed instantly as I felt like I didnt learn anything new and found it wasnt very beneficial for me. All I have done today is take the tea/coffee trolley round all of the residents numerous times, washed the pots numerous times and picked up some stress pots for the residents at Huntcliffe Surgery, Saltburn. I felt like I was just being use as a run about and being given the jobs that none of the faculty particularly wanted to do. Although this was a negative experience for me, I didnt complain and I just got on with it, I feel like I havent achieved any experience today.Pembroke Residential Home, Saltburn17/03/14It was quite fussy today on placement so I was on my feet a lot and helped out as oftentimes as I could. I fed the same resident that I have antecedently fed another time. I fed her both her breakfast (apple and cherry ready break and a glass of milk) and her lunch (chicken stew, mash, carrots and a cup of tea). I also had several one to one conversations with various residents throughout the day. Communicating with the residents made me feel as though they enjoyed it and I got to know a little bit about each of their personalities which will help me to interact with them more in the future. I am going to continue communicating with the residents as much as I can so that I can get to know them better. I observed the staff ordering new medication for the residents and filling in care plans, progress sheets etc. This was a positive experience for me as I got to see the non-practical side of working in a residential home and had an insight on the types of paperwork involved. Today made me feel that my placement was becoming a little more beneficial for me as I am slowly learning new things again rather than doing nothing health and friendly care related.Pembroke Residential Home, Saltburn31/03/14The home was very busy today I was on my feet a lot but I enjoyed it because I always had something to do. I fed the usual resident I feed regularly this morning (original ready break and a cup of tea) and her lunch and then recorded how much she had ate and drank on her sheets so that the other staff new how well she was eating. I also did the same for her lunch (beef casserole, mash and veg, a yoghurt and a glass of juice). This was a positive experience for me and I found it easier to interact with the resident today because we had more to talk about. I also feel that the resident enjoyed my company because on both occasions we has one to one communication. As this residential home is small and only has 10 residents they dont usually get a choice of meals unless they dont like what is on the menu then they will be given an alternative. Today, the cook made two different meals f or lunch and I went round the residents to ask which they would prefer. This was also a positive experience for both me and the residents as they felt a lot happier about the fact that they were given a choice of meals rather than just what was on the menu. I felt that I had cheered the residents up by doing this. Every week since I have been on placement at this residential home I have taken the tea/coffee trolley round the residents and visitors and washed lots of pots. I was told to do the same today which was a negative experience for me as I dont feel that this helps me to achieve anything and get an idea of what it is like to work in health and social care with the elderly.I felt annoyed that I had been asked again to do these things as I get asked do to these every week. Activities are offered to the residents every day so that they feel they have something to do rather than just sit about and watch the TV, read the newspaper etc. I was asked to offer the residents a choice o f activities today but unfortunately none of them felt up to participating in anything that I offered. Although no activities were carried out, this was a positive experience for me as I then had to record that what I had done in the activities booklet to show that veritable(a) though the residents had chosen not participate in various activities they were still given the choice. I felt that the staff had trust in me to be able to start filling in this sheet as even though it is only a small step it gave me more experience on what type of paperwork is involved in working in a residential home.As I havepreviously been shown how to work the stair lift one of the staff member asked me to take a resident upstairs to their room. I was trusted to do this myself, using the stair lift. This was a positive experience for me as although I had observed the stair lift being used I had never actually used it myself to get residents up to their rooms. The resident seemed rather happy with how I placed her on the stair lift and how I used it. This made me feel great as I knew I had achieved another skill for working with the elderly/disabled in health and social care. Overall, I thoroughly enjoyed attending placement this week as I was never left with nothing to do and felt I learnt a lot of new skills even if they are just small steps to working in helath and social care in the future.

Ethical Challenges in the Era If Health Care Reform

morals, Law, and Policy Vicki D. Lachman Ethical Challenges in the Era Of wellness reverence Reform n truth, the unify States is at the beginning of a long overdue and a much motivatinged wellness c be reform. We have seen the dismal statistics ab tabu our game terms wellness distribute agreement and some of the less than stellar outcomes (e. g. , infant fatality rate) (Callahan, 2011 World Health Organization WHO, 2011)). The purpose of this article is non to kvetch about the current health give feel for system, but instead to focus on existing reform efforts The Patient Protection and he inexpensive Care hazard (ACA), the respectable justifications for its creation, and ethical challenges it brings. I Key Features of the Law ACA offers new ways for consumers and providers to hold damages companies accountable. The just about important parts of the law are features described in the following discussion. Because of space limitation, I allow highlight some elem ents of the law that are enacted through 2014 and clearly impact nursing. These selected features include policy choices, insurance costs, rights and aegis, and spate age 65 and older. restitution ChoicesThe intention of the law is to expand health bearing coverage to most U. S. citizens and permanent residents by requiring most people to have or purchase health insurance (HealthCare. gov, 2012a). Citizens exit have a choice of private insurance, employer-paid insurance, Medicaid, Medi treat, or state-based insurance exchanges. Affordable redress Exchanges. Individuals and small businesses can purchase coverage through these exchanges, with premium and cost-sharing credits available to individuals and families with income between 133%-400% of the federal poverty guideline (in 2011, the overty guideline was $18,530 for a family of three) (Werhane & Tieman, 2011). Businesses with 50 or more employees need to make coverage available, and businesses with less than 25 employees de part qualify for tax credits to offset their cost (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2011). Consumer Operated and Oriented design (CO-OP). The ACA produces a new kind of non-profit health insurer, called a Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan (CO-OP). CO-OPs are meant to offer consumer-friendly, affordable health insurance options to individuals and small businesses. By January 1, 2014, individuals will be able to buy a CO-OPVicki D. Lachman, PhD, APRN, MBE, FAAN, is Clinical Professor, and Director, Innovation and Intra/Entrepreneurship in Advanced Practice nursing, Drexel University, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Philadelphia, PA. 248 health plan through the Affordable insurance policy Exchanges. Pre-existing condition insurance plan. All covered benefits are available to individuals, even to treat a pre-existing condition. This program offers temporary protection for people with pre-existing conditions until 2014, when insurance companies can no longer deny individuals cov erage based on their health status.Young adult coverage. Individuals can add or keep their children on their health insurance policy until they reach age 26. The law makes it easier and more affordable for young adults to get health insurance coverage. Insurance Costs ACA holds insurance companies accountable. It also helps individuals keep their costs down. Value for individuals premium dollar. ACA requires insurers selling policies to individuals or small groups to spend at least 80% of premiums on direct medical care and efforts to improve the quality of care. Unfortunately, this does not apply to self-insured plans.Lifetime and yearly limits. ACA restricts and phases out the annual dollar limits a health plan can place on most of its benefits. Furthermore, ACA eliminates these limits completely in 2014. Rate review. Insurance companies must now justify proposed rate increases for health insurance. Insurance companies cannot raise rates by 10% or more without first explaining the reasons to the state or federal rate review program. Rights and Protections The ACA puts consumers in charge of their health care, not insurance companies. The following rights and consumer protections are available. Preventive care.Individuals may not have to pay a copayment, co-insurance, or deductible to receive recommended preventive health services, such as screenings (e. g. , mammograms and colonoscopies), vaccinations (e. g. measles, polio, or meningitis), and counseling (e. g. , smoking cessation, weight loss, salubrious eating). Doctor choice and ER access. Individuals can choose any available fighting(a) primary care provider and they can access out-of-network emergency rooms without prior approval. ACA prohibits health plans from requiring a referral from a primary care provider originally women can seek coverage for obstetrical or ynecological (OBGYN) care. People 65 and older. ACA offers eligible elders a range of preventive services with no cost-sharing. ACA also p rovides discounts on drugs when older adults are in the coverage gap known as the donut hole. July-August 2012 Vol. 21/No. 4 Ethical Challenges in the Era of Health Care Reform TABLE 1. Views of Liberal Egalitarians vs. Libertarians and Free-Market Advocates Liberal Egalitarians Libertarians and Free-Market Advocates Health care is a fundamental good and access to this good Role of government is contain to protecting the freedom of all allows us to become full members of society. ersons to choose their own goals and means to pursue them. This right to health care must be exercised by removing all People have a right to non-interference. barriers to access. Justice, equality, and community are values. Freedom and soulal office are values. Health care is a right. Health care is a commodity. Single-payer system is the solution. Decentralized market mechanisms with personal payment are the solution. Preventive services. The list is significant and begins with an annual wellness vis it. other(a) important preventive services include b hotshot mass measurement cervical cancer creening, including Pap smear tests and pelvic exams colorectal, prostate, and diabetes screening influenza, pneumonia, and hepatitis B immunizations and many other services. There are other services and features in the ACA that could be discussed, but we will now move to discuss the ethical justifications for the ACA. The controversy it has created in the eyes of individuals with a free-market or libertarian view will be compared to those with a liberalegalitarian outlook. Ethical Justifications for the ACA Since 1986, the Emergency Treatment and Labor Act has prohibited hospitals from refusing acute care to any ndividual who could not afford to pay (CMS. gov, 2012). Consequently, $100 billion of care annually is costshifted onto unhurrieds who can pay, almost all whom are insured. This shift raises the average annual health insurance premium roughly $1,000 for every insured family (Crow ley, 2009, p. 10). This lack of distributive justice for the insured is one reason why insurance is being mandated in ACA. It is equally unfair to mandate that all citizens have insurance if insurance is not affordable, as this could cause significant harm to individuals and families already attempt financially.Therefore, the ethical principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence are supported by the features of Affordable Insurance Exchanges and the development of Consumer Operated and Oriented Plans. Ethical reasoning for health care reform has relied in the main on distributive justice as justification for change, specifically due to lack of access to care for the underinsured and uninsured (Lachman, 2009). According to the U. S. Census Bureau, 46. 3 one thousand million people in the United States were uninsured in 2008 (ProCon. org, 2012). The United States is the tho developed nation in the world hat does not guarantee health coverage. Table 1 offers a comparison of views o f persons who support distributive justice, see health care as a right, and therefore want a single-payer system with those individuals who want to continue the free-market system. To single-payer advocates, the primary goal of health policy is ensuring that everyone can obtain some minimal level July-August 2012 Vol. 21/No. 4 of health care (Sade, 2007, p. 1429). Making access to health care widely available permits individuals to be fully functioning members of society and the moral ommunity (a group of people bony together by a common interest in living according to a particular moral philosophy). On the other hand, Americans who are libertarians and free-market advocates for the most part look beyond the natural (genetic) and social (upbringing) lottery that places some at a disadvantage and instead look to the individuals free will and personal responsibility for actions (Callahan, 2011 Pariser, 2012 Trotter, 2011). They believe health care is one of the many options from wh ich to choose to improve their lot in life. Their belief in personal responsibility can make them unsympathetic o people with unhealthy lifestyles for whom they would ultimately have to spend their insurance dollars. They also resent having to fund treatments they personally would not choose (e. g. , transplants, mechanical ventilation for person in persistent vegetative state). Though many wealthy individuals support health care reform out of benevolence, they do fear the loss of freedom which is central to their value system. However, two additional factors drive change for health care reform significant cost and quality conundrums. In 2007, health care expenditures totaled $2. 2 trillion, 16. 2% of the U.S. economy. Health care employs more than 14 million people and is the largest industry in the United States. Of the 193 WHO member states, the United States is ranked first in per capita health care expenditures ($6,719) (ProCon. org, 2012). The present health care system is n ot giving the gain for the dollars played out. This cost problem is a reason that ACA has a focus on physicians counseling individuals on end-of-life options. It found that about 30 percent of Medicare dollars are spent during the last year of life, and half of that is spent during the last 60 days. In 2009 dollars, Dr.Gordon calculated, that amounts to $70 billion a year, much of it spent on futile care that prolongs suffering (Brody, 2009, para 20). Unfortunately, politics initially got in the way in 2009 with the death panel jargon and this counseling was dropped from ACA however, this end-of-life options counseling was incorporated into 2011 Medicare reimbursement for health care providers (HealthCare. gov, 2012b). 249 Ethics, Law, and Policy WHO (2011) statistics also indicate the money spent is not putting us at the top of the list in quality outcomes. The infant mortality rate for the United States in 2009 was even deaths per 1,000 live births, ranking the United States 43rd among WHO nations. Rates for Sweden, Spain, Italy, Germany, France, Czech Republic, Slovenia, and Iceland are all half of the United States rate. persona is a focus of ACA in the preventive realm and with quality measurement. Two essential principles of the ACA are that 1. Provider reimbursement for health services is based, in part, on the relation back quality and patient experience of the care provided. 2. Information about that comparative quality and patient experience will be publicly accessible. Quality and patient satisfaction will be rewarded by ata from hospital comparison required by the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems for Medicare patients. The implications of Value-Based Purchasing (VBP) regulations for hospitals are clear FY2013 implementation at 1% of base DRG payments, rising to 2% by FY2017 (Acton, 2012, para 2). Hospitals will have to earn it back by achieving and maintaining high quality and positivist patient experiences. Th is consequential focus in the patient care experience supports the autonomous choice of the patient for hospitals and physicians. Ethical Challenges of ACA Legal ChallengeBefore discussing three key ethical challenges health care providers will face, the legal challenge before the ultimate lawcourt needs to be addressed. This challenge determined if the ACA indispensableness to purchase health insurance violates Article 1, Section 8, Clause 3 of the U. S. Constitution Congress shall have the Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common refutal and the general Welfare of the United States but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States (Werhane & Tieman, 2011, p. 83)The argument against this mandate is that the government has never required people to buy any good or service as a condition of lawful residence in the United States. However, every working person is required to pay into Soc ial Security and Medicare. The counter argument is that these are government-mandated and governmentrun programs. This argument ultimately could support a Supreme Court decision of provided a government-run singlepayer system, an action libertarians and free-market advocates oppose. Second, there are requirements for car insurance for drivers, and flood insurance for persons ho live within authorized distance from a practicable flood plain. Because all people will need health care at some point in their lives, the argument could be made that insurance should be a requirement so as not to burden the moral community with the costs of those who do pay for insurance (Hamel & Nairn, 2011). 250 On June 28, 2012, the U. S. Supreme Court endorsed most of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, including the contentious individual mandate that requires most Americans to obtain health insurance. In a 5-4 decision, the greet said the federal government has he power to fine Americans who do not acquire insurance because it is considered a tax (Jaslow, 2012). Electronic medical examination Records The requirement for electronic records could generate a significant ethical challenge for privacy and confidentiality. Unfortunately, the $20 billion for health information technology from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) did little to change the current HIPPA privacy paradigm (Crowley, 2009). Furthermore, it is likely patients will carry their personal health records in their own electronic devices or commend them through the Internet.A transformation in rural health care is likely through telehealth and telehomecare. These innovations will bring expertise to patients to facilitate the best choice in their treatment decisions. The challenge will be to assure informed consent and confidentiality in this expanded digital age. Chronic Disease Management Individuals with chronic infirmity benefit significantly from palliative care services, not just at end-of-life care but throughout the indisposition progression. The ACA focus on chronic disease management is best exemplified by this phrase An integrated care approach to managing illness hich includes screenings, check-ups, monitoring and coordinating treatment, and patient education (HealthCare. gov, 2012b, para 1). Feministic ethics, with its focus on managing the particulars of any persons situation, celebrates this personalized service to individuals who must manage illnesses often for many years. In her book, Caring A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education, Nell Noddings (2003) get byd that a morality based on rules is inadequate. She contended this approach loses the richness of the moral dilemmas people face, and nly situational and contextual knowledge of the individual can help interrupt the moral quandaries of life. Shaping Health Care Policy According to the Code of Ethics for Nurses, provision 9 (American Nurses Association ANA, 2001), nurses have an obli gation to work one by one as citizens or collectively through political action to bring about social change (p. 25). This responsibility to shape social (health care) policy calls for nurses to vowelise concerns about the meaning of the rejection of the individual mandate for society. The libertarians and free-market advocates reinforce a caricature of American individualism and weaken a sense of responsibility for oneself and fellow citizensIt neglects one side of the equation, forgetting that we are not only individuals with the freedom to choose, but also members of society called to uphold a common good. (Hamel & Nairn, 2011, p. 94) continued on page 245 July-August 2012 Vol. 21/No. 4 Ethics, Law, and Policy REFERENCES continued from page 250 Therefore, nurses and nursing associations have the ethical challenge to stand firm for patients and ensure the long-term sustainability of our health care system.Nurses need to advocate for the people without a voice those discriminate d against because of health status and lack of insurance. Conclusion ACA has provided a forum for debate about not only health care insurance, mechanisms to maintain financial stability of its systems, and strategies to ensure access to millions of people, but also has contributed to defining American societys values. It is easy to argue against the individual mandate impingement on choice and freedom. However, other provisions provide children, adults, and elders with coverage and services that will help keep hem healthy and support them in their management of chronic diseases, while quelling the fear of bankruptcy. The Supreme Court will decide the legal matters in ACA, but it will not resolve the ethical matters. Can Americans continue to allow the self-protective practices of insurance companies in excluding high-risk individuals (e. g. , pre-existing conditions, lifetime caps on benefits)? The principle of autonomy was never meant to abandon the moral relationships that continu e to be necessary for the human good. The nurse respects the worth, dignity and rights of all human eings irrespective of the nature of the health problem (ANA, 2001, p. 7). July-August 2012 Vol. 21/No. 4 Acton, A. (2012). The hidden risk (or reward) of HCAHPS. Retrieved from http//blog. healthstream. com/blog/bid/103384/The-Hidden-Risk-orReward-of-HCAHPS American Nurses Association (ANA). (2001). Code of ethics for nurses with interpretative statements. Silver Spring, MD Author. Brody, J. E. (2009). End-of-life issues need to be addressed. Retrieved from http//www. nytimes. com/2009/08/18/health/18brod. html Callahan, D. (2011). Health care reform Can a communitarian perspective be salvaged?Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics, 32(5), 351-362. CMS. gov. (2012). Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA). Retrieved from http//www. cms. gov/Regulations-and-Guidance/ Legislation/EMTALA/index. html? redirect=/EMTALA/ Crowley, M. (2009). Connecting American values with health care reform. Garrison, NY The Hastings Center. Hamel, R. , & Nairn, T. (2011). The individual mandate A rancorous moral matter. Health Progress, 92(4), 88-95. HealthCare. gov. (2012a). Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http//www. healthcare. gov/law/full/ HealthCare. gov. (2012b). Chronic disease management.Retrieved from http//www. healthcare. gov/glossary/c/chronic. html Jaslow, R. (2012). Medical groups laud Supreme Courts decision on Affordable Care Act. Retrieved from http//www. cbsnews. com/8301504763_162-57462837-10391704/medical-groups-laud-supremecourts-decision-on-affordable-care-act/ Kaiser Family Foundation. (2011). Summary of new health reform law. Retrieved from www. kff. org/healthreform/8061. cfm Lachman, V. D. (2009). Ethical challenges in healthcare Developing your moral compass. young York, NY Springer. Noddings, N. (2003). Caring A feminine approach to ethics and moral education.Berkeley, CA University of California Press. Pariser, D. M. (2012). Ethical considerati ons in health care reform Pros and cons of the affordable care act. Clinics in Dermatology, 30(2), 151-155. ProCon. org. (2012). Right to healthcare Did you know? Retrieved from http//healthcare. procon. org/ Sade, R. M. (2007). Ethical foundations of health care system reform. Annuals of Thoracic Surgery, 84(5), 1429-1431. Trotter, G. (2011). The moral basis for healthcare reform in the United States. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 20(1), 102-107. Werhane, P. , & Tieman, J. 2011). Clearing the brush Myths surround the Affordable Care Act. Health Progress, 92(4), 82-84, 86-87. World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). World health statistics 2011. Retrieved from http//www. who. int/whosis/indicators/WHS2011_ IndicatorCompendium_20110530. pdf 245 Copyright of MEDSURG Nursing is the property of Jannetti Publications, Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holders express written permission. However, u sers may print, download, or email articles for individual use.

ICT Database

My client, (full time DJ) Mr. I. C. H. Cheezeburger has just been employed by Avenue Q, a newly opened club in the west end. He is soon having problems organising his very vast and varied, music collection. He currently organizes his collection manually using index cards. This proves extremely impractical, as they are often mislaid, and he is strained to start again, creating even more work than necessary.Clients Background.My client was born on 5th May 1985 in Chelsea. He went to Dun Raven in Streatham he was bullied at school, until in year 10 he moved to St William Perkins all boys school. Where he excelled in, Music and, Performing arts. He later took a level playing arts, music, ICT, and Textiles. He went on to university, but was expelled after three months.He was interested in dj-ing since a young age, and went on to do it in his spare time, and past constantly after being expelled from university. He then helped out at local venues, at low key parties and occasions. He th en went on to take out an apprenticeship, and started charging for his services. He then bought his own flat in Woking, with a small studio, where he could focus constantly on his DJ-ing. He has been employed by mingled clubs such as wicked, Lyyne Chameleon and most recently Avenue Q. His intentions are to raise enough money to be able to go derriere to university.Identifying the userMy client will be the main user of the system, but I will occasionally use the system to check for updates and any accomplishable faults.Statement of the problemMy client currently organizes his music collection manually, using index cards and other pieces of paper. This is organised by Artist name. But this proves piteous and time consuming, as he often loses his lists, resulting in him having to write it all out again. Using valuable time, that could be spent doing something more constructive.Manual declaration consideredMy client could take hold his current method of index cards, (organised vi a artist name) which can prove sometimes useful, as technology can sometimes crash, or guide faults. On the other business deal index cards can be often lost, resulting the time consuming task of re-writing them all out.Another manual firmness of purpose would be to use folders to organise his collection, (organised either by artist name, or song name) this is more effective than index cards as they are large, and easier to keep track of. But, could result in a large amount of property being taken up, as the folder collection, would have to be extremely large. two alternative software solutions consideredMr Cheezeburger could use itunes to organize his music collection, as it is user friendly and very easy to use. Contrariwise to be able to use itunes QuickTime and safari must be downloaded using up more memory, causing the system to be slower, also, an itunes library cannot be transferred to multiple computers in a short space of time.MS Excel could also be used, as it is easy to use, and the cells can be filtered and things can be located quickly and easily. On the other hand it is easy to make errors, and they effect the system long term.Proposed solution justifiedI have chosen to use MS access because it is easy to use, and it is primary to find things using queries and searches.At least 3 Quantitative objectives identified* Database must be password protected* Search Info Easily* drug user friendly way of entering data

English Research Paper Social Change

The idea of accessible channelize is something that I would say, deep d confess, scares us all. When looking at deuce stories in particular you suffer see an evolution over the years. Saying this I wonder when you do look really closely at The Lottery by Shirley Jackson and Shooting an Elephant by George Orwell how much you will stimulate alike, besides also how much you will find different based on the time period in which they were written. Social Change is not something thats easy for some hoi polloi.However, it normally takes place over a time frame of years, at that placefore making it harder to notice when it is real pickings place. In todays world, researchers and scientist dedicate even been able to pass off up with ways in which they believe amicable change is taking place and can be predicted to an extent. The Lottery took place back in 1948, which is when it was written. gratis(p) to say a lot of the social trends and social norms they had back then are not e asily compared with the values of todays society.What we call socially acceptable today is vastly different than what was acceptable in the 40s. The values of society then were much more conservative. Today if I were to walk in on a social event like the lottery, wearing shorts and a t-shirt, I bet I would be the one selected to occupy stoned on the spot. Those dayss it was only acceptable for men to wear grand pants and maybe a t-shirt. As the back primer coat of The Lottery is reveled, you are given more information on the social traditions of their fictional society.It makes you wonder if this is actually something that ever took place in hi news report, or if it was something divine by the culture of the 1940s. Today we think of a lottery as being something were you set about the chance to win money, but this story shows how different lotteries were then. In this story the author portrays The Lottery as an event were the entire colonisation is gathered in the courtyard to draw a piece of paper add to the fore of a hat. If you were lucky enough to choose the piece of paper out of the hat with a large black dot on it, then you were not the winning a prize.The person who draws the black dot gots stoned to death. During the 1940s World War Two was taking place. It makes me wonder why the author, Shirley Jackson, wrote a story about hatful coming together to decide who gets stoned to death (Americas). The activities of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis in Ger existencey and the persecution of the Jewish community could have influenced the story line. Considering the story is about a community assembling and deciding at random who gets to die, World War II would be a alteration influence for the author. Shooting an Elephant has a lot of similar social problems that The Lottery had, but in a very different context. The elements of peer pressure and social acceptance come out in the story. Both issues are still important in todays society.This is based on my i nterpretation of the story, realizing how social change is an important part of evolution. The end of the story speaks volumes about why the young man exacts the elephant. The animal was no longer being destructive or harmful. He shot the elephant because people wanted him to. I often wonder whether any of the others grasped that I had done is solely to avoid looking a mark is the last line from the story Shooting an Elephant. This is further evidence that the elephants death was a result of social pressures. Since there were two m people standing behind him, waiting on him to make a move, he thought he would look like a coward if he didnt shoot it. The villagers wanted the elephant shot for its meat, not notwithstanding because it was running through their village. It is safe to say that social pressures were major in this time period.The story actually takes place in 1936, when it was published. You can see that the Lottery and Shooting an Elephant take place around the same t ime period. The setting of the story is different, however, because it takes place in Europe, just outside of a small town called Burma. The social values are similar in each story, despite them taking place so far apart. In Shooting an Elephant, the elephant actually gets lose from its owner and goes on what is called a must (also known as a rampage).It is my understandings from the story that after elephants have been confined or locked up, they have built up energy that they must get rid of. This is why when the elephant gets lose, or brakes free from its chain, it goes through the village stomping people and tearing through the huts, knocking them down. However, the villagers never give a clear answer as to where the animal was eventually tracked down. Once the man asks for a rifle to kill the elephant, the people are following him to see what happens. They do this out of greed, more than curiosity. They each want dibs on the best separate of elephant meat.This is an example of one form of social change, because in todays world we can go to the market and get whatever it may be that we need. During the twenty first century, I cannot think of a time that humans in the developed world had to fight other humans in put in for survival. Due to the fact, that back in the 1940s you had to find your own food as it became available. Social change is something that is required for us to evolve as a human race. I believe that point is made clear based on the examples given in these two stories that took place back in the 1940s.A peachy way to describe social change is by its definition structural transformation of political, social and economic systems and institutions to create a more equitable and just society (What). If you pay attention to the part of this definition that says equitable and just society then you have more insight to The Lottery (What). All of the towns people may have believed that their form of equal and just society, of drawing from a hat to decide as to whom gets to die, is only way to make it fair. By doing this there could potentially be less acts of random violence.Social control can go hand in hand with social change. Various countries and religions have their own forms of social control. For instance, all Muslim women have to keep their faces covered when in public, and most European countries require you to have your government issued identification cards on you at all times. Shooting an Elephant provides some opposite examples to the definition given above. The village were the elephant was running rampant has political implications behind it. In social change you have the transformation of politics (What).This is the number one force behind social change a lot of time. To be an elephant owner back in that time period you had to be some form of higher social class. The man working for him is the one that tracks down and ends up killing the animal. He states in the story how he does not want to kill the animal, but felt as if he had to in order to survive himself from the pressure of the villagers. With two thousand people behind you, with their knifes ready to start prying the meat from the carcass of the elephant, you are more likely to chose what will pay off for you in the long run.Instead of waiting on the owner of the elephant to decide what to do when he was confined in the field, he decides to shoot him. Coming down to the fact of did he do what was best for the people? Or did he do it to raise his own political standing with them? Leadership is the number one role when it comes to the social model. sounding at the story Shooting an Elephant, and comparing it to the social change model, you can see the motive behind the mans role as he takes a leadership position (What). Leadership is socially responsible, it impacts change on behalf of others almost describes the actions taken during the time when the villagers are seeking the animal (What). The main epicentre of social change i s just that, change. Directly in the center of the social change model you will see the word change with different leadership roles surrounding it. Secondly, you can see the same similar behavior from the mayor of the town where The Lottery took place. Enforcing the rules of such an event that takes place once a year, but is sought after to be an endless tradition, is not an easy task.Being the official, the mayor takes on the leadership role, also, not to mention the leadership role he is already in by the position he holds as mayor of the town. To keep the integrity of the lottery there are multiple rules in place to visualise that it is fair for everyone involved. However, the major part of the social change model that does not fit is the change (Ryder). Any time in the story a villager brought up the fact that they thought the lottery should not continue, the mayor was out raged and spoke up to inform them that it must continue because it was a tradition.Social trends take plac e as a natural evolution over time, but it requires change in order for it to happen. Without the prospect of change nothing will ever evolve, leaving the villagers to recur the same destiny year after year. Both Stories have their pros and cons, but there are two different form of social change taking place. The first story The Lottery is dealing with the aspect of leadership and how that leadership affects people of that community.Second, Shooting an Elephant deals more with the issue of pressure and influences from your surroundings. Both however come down to one main topic, and that is change. In Conclusion, social change and evolution is not something that is easy to process sometimes. You can clearly see by these two stories that evolution is self evident during the time of the 1940s, by comparing the said evolution to recent items such as the social change model you can relate to the methods behind actions that were taken by characters in the stories.Social trend are not som ething that is easy to break away from. However, you can tell during The Lottery that there are people who are will to accept change and speak out for it Without change we, as a society, do not have an natural selection of social evolution for the better. With the understanding that change is not always for the better, bountiful change is what also helps us develop and learn from what we may call bad change at the time.

Multiple physics Investigatory Essay

Repulsorlifts as a Method of Stable Magnetic Levitation Repulsorlifts were used in the study to find out if they can be used to replace the wheels of a conventional car. It was hypothesized that it will be able to lift a car using magnetic repulsion forces. The different magnets were time-tested individually with the usual tests for magnetic strength, size, and temperature increase, which were done in the forward testing.The prototype road and car were then constructed based on the specifications that had been identified after the preliminary testing. The prototype cars magnets were permanent magnets while the road magnets were electromagnets. They had been oriented so that the magnets would repel individually otherwise. Investigatory Project in Physics amplify Powered CarWhen it comes to powering a race car, there are a ton of different options. Some cars are powered by gasoline, diesel, or other combustible fuels, or you can even power miniature race cars using a mousetrap In the Balloon Powered Car, well show you how to pulp a racer that uses the power of air pressure to roll across a room.Objectivesa.) to create a balloon powered race car for level best speed and distance b.) to incorporate Newtons Laws of MotionMaterials* Foam core or corrugated artificial* Wooden barbeque skewers* Regular cardboard* Straws* Tape* Balloons* Scissors* Wire cuttersProcedure1.) Start off by cutting the chassis of your car. We dont condone the use of blow torches or saws during Sick Science experiments, so you have to create the chassis using scissors and foam core (corrugated cardboard works great, too). Cut a 63 inch piece of your chosen material using the scissors.2.) A car is nothing without axles. Given the size of your car, wooden barbeque skewers will unclutter perfect axles. Use wire cutters to snip two 4 pieces of skewer. 3.) You need to mount the axles to your chassis in a way that allows the axles to turn freely. For mounts, cut two 3 sections of straw an d use tape to fix the mounts to the front and back (3 sides) of your chassis.4.) Now that you have axle mounts, mount your axles Slide the wooden skewers through the middle of the straws. 5.) Axles are great, but humans invented the wheel for a reason. The wheel was invented for use on the Balloon Powered Car Use scissors to cut four quarter-sized pieces of perpetual cardboard. If it helps, you can trace a quarter or circle of similar size to give yourself some guidelines. 6.) Push the cardboard circles onto the skewers, one on each end of both skewers.

The Evolution of English Churches

The development of English performesThe English church servicees which are emerged during the earned run aver come on of different reigns and its architectural features are a alone country of be. It varies in many facets from other adroitness of computer computer architecture every(prenominal) bit good as the stuffs utilize. The stream from 600 AD to 1900 AD was the rate of flow in which the different architectural dexterity were emerged. It starts with the Anglo Saxon period to Victorian period. It is a huge country of survey in which the picks of locution were selected based on many g weightys like influence of households or swayers, approachability of stuffs etc.Each and every period was reasonmarks of the architecture which influenced in the building of English churches within the ethnic boundaries. During the reign of different emperors, the fortunes for doing different assortments in the building of churches became a tendency and it created different architectu ral manners. all(prenominal) manner has difference in many facets and the workers followed the forms in connatural mode on all the buildings in that period.Anglo Saxon periodThe Anglo Saxon period started from 600 AD to 1066 AD. The plants which carried out during this period depicts the influence of Roman clientele in the Britain. Later it became the far making manner of architecture spread to some other move of Europe. The relatively geographical isolation, the distri plainlyion and handiness of edifice stuffs and workingmans contributed to this manner of British architecture which we call today as Anglo Saxon period.The influences preserve be seen particularly in the Basilica program, the Celtic program, etc. all the earliest churches which were construct here whilst Britain be colossaled to the Roman Empire and in the southern parts where the influence of the Christianity predominated for long afterwards were in the basili fecal matter manners. Outside the southern Eng grease these were seldom found during the terminal of 7th century. The shaft work which was carried out at the Roman town of Silchester, Hampshire, revealed a 4th century Christian church of this type.Augustines fore approximately cathedral at Canterbury has similar characteristics of St Peters basilica at Rome. Each Anglo Saxon church had its ain distinctive characteristics which is the g round out the current province of each church is different other than its land program. The churches were low, unpretentious and purely functional. That is the difference of Anglo Saxon edifices with the replacements.The trump out sanctum crosses are done with rock in this period which are shown as an illustration of early Christian art in the northern portion. The favored subjects of the Anglo Saxons were animate beings, birds, foliages, vines and scriptural characters. The workers chiefly worked with cocks and chisels.The church surrounds look strong and solid though they were non truly thic k. Quoining was other(prenominal) characteristic of the Anglo Saxon walls in which the rocks will be placed on top of the other at the agitate where two walls met. Towers at this period were square, rectangular or round in form. It reaches a swiftness limit of 70 pess. They were non professional in building techniques that they could construct traversing towers on pies and arches.The Windowss were little and the church was modify by conditions jobs. Glass was available but it was really expensive because of its foreign beginning. Most of the Windowss were directly sided and whole of ammo headed.There were cells built under the organic structure of the church which is called as the crypts. These were found in the edifices which were built by the well traveled missionaries. This was a convenient topographic point to hive away, let on and were besides utilise to conceal hoarded wealths or sacred relics which were collected during the pilgrims journey. The crypts walls were thick and were divided into differentiated countries.These were the funny characteristics which were subsequently became treatments and hallmarks of the Anglo Saxon architectural manner. During its broad heritage of to a greater period than 5 centuries the manner make its mannequin in the history of British church building every bit good as the overall architecture of the British edifices, though it varied in assorted countries of England.The Norman and Transitional periodThese were another noticeable period which played a major function in doing the elegant manner of the British architecture. The Norman period extended from 1066 AD to 1160 AD and the Transitional period was 1150 AD to 1200 AD. Like the Anglo Saxons, the architecture in Normandy where they developed a manner of Romanesque which has its ain regional and local features. Edward the Confessor made the Norman architecture implemented in the ecclesiastical affairs.The Council of London, 1075, moved dioceses to uncollectib le Centres and at that topographic point cathedrals were started in Norman manner. This tendency was ended by the male monarch William II who made great demands on the church architecture. Until 12th century the Anglo Saxon church art and sculpture was far advance than the Norman architecture. The prototypic church which is built in Norman manner after the conquering of were solid looking and solemn, and was more or little barren of any coloring material or grace.Norman architecture was developed in the late(a) 30 old ages of the 11th century as it did in Normandy, but the church edifice bucket along in front. The overall thought was to supply every small town with a topographic point of worship and as a consequence every medieval church will stay Norman in beginning.The ornamentations were unusual including the beak caput which was a favorite signifier of ornament, which take us into which is used in adorning truss tabular arraies. The caputs of firedrake, birds, animate bein gs etc were given a long beak or pointed chin which extended over a convex modeling to turn over below. The Norman walls were holding detritus infilling betwixt the teguments of appareled rocks and were looking midst and solid. The faces had shots which were made during the carving of the axe.Buttresss were introduced in this period which was meant chiefly for project from land degree against the exterior wall, in contrast to the Saxon pilasters which appeared at many points on wall surfaces. They were rather apparent built in one human body with upper surfaces inclining towards the corners. The towers were no long-range provided as the chief entryway to the church, whereas it is used as the domination portion of the church which is noticeable than anything in the environment. The Normans developed a technique for back uping the cardinal tower with wharfs which is placed merely at the angles, which became the best advantage of the tower send off.Towers were fundamentally built i n rectangular or square base but may be built round where there is a deficiency of stuffs. The Windowss were extremely setup carbon paper monoxide related with the exterior wall surface, but were used as a natural visible radiation therapy beginning. The doors were decorated with sanctuary arches which were the most dramatic characteristic of the eleventh and 12th century architecture. The perpendicular boards of oak tree were used as the door elements which was battened horizontally and press sets were given outdoors.The chief designs used by the Normans for their founts were round unmounted, round mounted on a cardinal root with several other supports which his any used for functional capacity whereas the square unmounted is normally thick cornered and is holding cardinal root. They carved the objects which they were most afraid of every bit good as the objects they like the most with lasting stuffs. In this period legion cosmetic thoughts were developed which was begun with pe troleum carving and a figure of regional manners were evolved.In the transitional period the builders and the Masons were seeking for vernal shipway of showing their development accomplishments. The usage of axe was replaced by chisels and cocks which made a new tendency and gave good consequences. The first transitional pointed arches were constructional which was non seen earlier. approximatelytimes the unit of ammunition headed arches and the pointed arches were placed side by side in such a manner that one can see how short a infinite of twitch that latter took consequence. The highs of towers in this period increased and the gaps which were round in form besides contained some pointed arches. The transitional period may be otherwise called as the transmutation period from Norman to the Early English period.The Early English periodIt was the period in which the Victorians liked the least but for which they accorded the descriptive term first pointed was curious to England in the old ages between Romanesque and geometrical Gothic. This period extended from 1200 AD to 1300 AD and was a glorious age where the British ecclesiastical plants started to do its English manner. In this period the barbarian enthusiasm in the architectural positions and beliefs were dominated by the echt spiritual ideas. It was influenced by the reigns of Richard ( 1189-99 ) and John ( 1199-1216 ) and their ideas made much alteration in the buildings at that clip.By the starting of thirteenth century the church has become rectangular or cruciform in its land program. The builders have got an thought how to manage burden and structural strains by the clip of this period in 13th century. They did experiments on the burden facets and a new assortment in the building techniques was created. The most abiding design in this period was crocket. The design was influenced by the classical capitals of abroad which was altered and made in the cuplike hook form with shafts and had a lobbed visual aspect.On the borders of arches and goons the Canis familiaris caput was sculptured and was the precursor of the designs in the 14th century. In some countries the churches were little and tower less. The wall doesnt have much greater thickness to maintain them up and back up the weight from supra. The walls still had a rubble masonry construction but the cognition gained by the Masons helped to better a batch in the structural parametric quantities. The actualization of the mistakes in the old building plants made noticeable alteration in the walls and even in the organization of window. The form of window was changed to indicate headed and it extended to the tracery. The reinforcees projected more from the wall than earlier and were extended above the land degree to an extent. They were largely straight sided and the borders were chamfered.The twine classs were little and elegant which can be seen throughout the edifice and had about tantamount characteristics which they were resembled.The DecoratedThe first Edwardian epoch was another aureate period which the Victorian loved the most for its pureness. They called this period as in-between or 2nd pointed when the church architecture resembled the Gallic constructions in the 14th century. This period started by the terminal of 13th century, to be specific 1300 AD and ended at 1377 AD. Though it has similar characteristics of Gallic manner of architecture, it doesnt peculiarly resemble that in the concluding phase. The imaginativeness and wild thought of the emperors every bit good as the creative persons made the churches more adorned than earlier.They included more seats to the church and made it more secular than earlier. privileged the church societal events took topographic point and became more unfastened to the populace. The internal walls were coloured decently and they cover more with cosmetic elements, whereas the services were made of ritual. Overall cosmetic result of this clip was neer b een realised. During this clip the building of many churches remained unfinished because of decease of Masons and builders due to blight.Even though these calamities happened, the term decorated real depicted in largest churches. There was non much promotion in the program or executing of the church edifice, but the basic programs of aisled nave, sanctuary, western tower, north and south porch had great alterations in 14th century. Largely the new ornaments were seen in the outside. Large Windowss were inserted in to the sanctuary walls. Normally a bulky church was constructed with three floors named arcade, triforia and clearstory, whereas in smaller 1s the in-between bed was omitted. There were legion moldings in the 14th century, but were much less undercut than earlier. Crockets became more attractive as they implemented a natural incurvate manner.Interior walls became more decorated in coloring material, whereas the surfaces were non prepared good. Another characteristic was the cyma reversa arch which was applied every bit widely as possible. Buttresss achieved the maximal flawlessness in footings of its proportions every bit good as cosmetic beauty. They were wider than earlier and were holding more jutting visual aspect at the base. Roofs were largely built in lumber and were covered with rock tiles, lead or herpes zosters. Builders tried better ways of structural agreements which was another advantage of this period. It was non until this period and even so none excessively shortly in most countries, that full advantage began to take topographic point of the clearstory, and it became a standard characteristic. Builders started adding parapets which were better do by and has became a major component of ornament.Although some octangular towers were put up, two, three or four phase square program was largely preferred. Cornice was decorated with ball flower, rolling four leaf ornament or little caputs. Windows became another separating characteristic of the church in both figure and size, in a proportion to the available sizes. Windows of little churches had four visible radiations and may widen up to 9 in big edifices.The outside porches were made reasonably apparent with its ceilinging at sensible highs and exterior gaps similar to interior room accesss. They may or may non incorporate parapet walls. But will be decorated with heraldry. Some of them were unfastened work lumber porches which were built on rock or wooden base. Doorways became more pointed whereas it varied in size. Pedestals were made in different phases like unit of ammunition, square or octangular with smaller base country. Another flowery illustration was the sides of the bowl which was divided by either the buttress or shaft, which were topped by pinnacles. The base of these was frequently on caputs or knots.Perpendicular ageThis age was between 1377 AD and 1547 AD when a curious English manner of church architecture was born. This period was the longest i n the history than any other periods and had batch of single typical characteristics. In parish churches this tendency was executed by Masons who were non the best but who could get by with its simple lines. They had elegant manners which had beautiful proportioning. The basic perpendicular run alonging continued to widen throughout the edifice. When compared to the cosmetic age, the plants were looking plainer and the privileged of the churches became colder.The form of the shadiness, shadow and visible radiation was non affected for the sculpture detailing and Masons concentrated in doing big Windowss in high walls. The shell of the church had become a topographic point for puting dominant characteristics which can be given as an illustration for originative excellence. There was an astonishing rise for the wood worker whose plants were considered every bit as Masons. Voluntary administrations came for supplying community services in the 14th century. Some of them were rich tradi ng administrations who have the capacity to construct their ain chapels or take over a portion of church.The program of the church was made alterations harmonizing to the demands of clubs and persons for chapels and chantries. The nave walls which had protruded from the roof were taken down and reconstruct to include a clearstory. This became an ineluctable standard characteristic of perpendicular churches. Surface was decorated widely where some twine classs were omitted in small town churches smaller in size. Dripstones or label Michigans were returned at the springing of the arch, which were on occasion sheer towards the wall and embattled.Walls were built high and was constructed of skillfully shaped ashlars, but weakened in themselves by the extent to which the surface country was reduced to a lower limit in order to suit big Windowss. Spouts were provided for transition of H2O from the parapet keeping. George masons experimented with different parapets and a great assortment of parapets were introduced in this clip. The parapet was constructed in elaborate ornamentation spliting into three parts named get bying set and valance. One of the disadvantages of the dilutant walls was to take lithe buttresses still from the walls surface. Diagonal buttresses climbed the tower and corresponded with the phases, be givening to decease into the wall merely below the parapet. Flying buttress was non widely accepted in the state and was on occasion put up the whole space of the nave.The most beautiful roofs were built unfastened and appeared high and broad, had an absence of tie beam. The cock beam roof was considered sole for the eastern states. It support arch bases widening from the horizontal stations to the church caput. Sometimes the larger churches tried to hold a dual cock beam roof and they remained the richest among the extremely decorated 1s. The composite vaulting was experimented during this period even though it was relatively rare.

Community Living Covenant Essay

Upon beginning a new chapter in my emotional state and entering my first year of college, I have a strong desire to attend a school in which my Christian values will be respected, and also where I can learn and grow in my faith. Because my life already parallels the expectations set forth in the covenant, I do not feel living up to these standards will be difficult. In fact, I embrace the idea that I will be encircled by others who hold the same morals and values that I do. In that sense, it will make the pitch contour into college life a much easier one.I look forward to learning academically, as well as spiritually through the chapel services and Bible studies. Attending religious classes and mission trips is also an provoke prospect for me. Perhaps the only challenge that I can anticipate at this time is that of difference the covenant upon graduation and entering into a secular world that does not always support my Christian way of life. However, I feel that the knowledge I gain from attending Point Loma will outfit me with the skills necessary to contribute to society as well as maintain my relationship with Christ.

Freedom of Speech: Abused from Abroad Essay

The constitution was designed to protect us from tyranny and abuse by government and dictators. Our policies need to protect us from those that would slander a segment or our population. Foreign loathe groups direct their views to those protected by the like document that affords them their right to post. Freedom of Speech Abused from oversea The first amendment protects the rights of Americans to have free public lecture even if that speech is hate speech but it should non be used to protect abroad hate speech just because it is hosted on an American server. The first-class honours degree Amendment really does distinguish the U. S. not just from Canada but from the rest of the Western orb. (Liptak, 2008) Given the nearly unscathed international institution of regulations restricting online hate speech, the United States stands alone in its complement of free speechincluding Internet hate speech. (Breckheimer, 2011) These are good examples of our first amendment and how it i s perceived across the globe. We are known for our well-favoured view of free speech protections and based on our history of oppression by monarchs and the purpose for us to seek a new land to call our own it fits our nation well to have such(prenominal) an amendment in place to protect the rights of our citizens.I feel that this very right is being abused by foreign hate groups who not only direct their rhetoric towards others in their own countries but in addition towards U. S. Citizens who are being protected by the very document that allows them to be harassed from afar. M some(prenominal) countries that we examine our allies have laws that prohibit hate speech and they level severe penalties upon those who break these laws. I support the right to free speech for every American as accorded by the first amendment. I do not support providing that same right to those who are not Americans and do not hold themselves to the same values that we Americans hold ourselves to.Free spee ch is just one of the things that make Americans unique in the world. To pick out the right of first amendment free speech you need to be an American citizen. Our first amendment was not meant to be used as a shield for foreign dissidents wishing to bypass their countries laws. As a world citizen the United States needs to make certain that we compliments each country for it rules and regulations as we would wish them to respect ours. We need to change our foreign policy to reflect the fact that our constitution was meant for Americans and not for the world.To allow foreign groups to host their messages on our servers even if we agree with their message shows that we as a nation do not respect the governing body of the nation and its laws. We should be extra vigilant to protect our citizens from the rantings of foreign hate groups. The first amendment was meant to protect the citizens of the United States and not those wishing to belittle and molest its citizens. Paul Przybylski wrote that because many servers, and especially those that spread hate speech content, are stationed within the United States, any solution without U.