Pdhpe Notes free essay sample

To give our bodies structure and form 2. Protection- Protect vital internal organs, e. g. Cranium or skull protects the brain 3. Movement- Works with muscles to allow movement 4. Mineral Storage- Stores calcium in our bones 5. Blood Cell Production- Red Blood Cells carry oxygen, white blood cells fight off viruses 6. Storage of Energy- Stores extra energy incase you run out * Ligaments- Are a fibrous band of connective tissue that connect bone to bone and is to help maintain stability by limiting excessive movement. Tendons- Add joint stability by helping to keep joints closed. Tough inelastic tissue that attach muscle to bone. * Cartilage- Allows bones to move freely over one another. This stops friction occurring and the degeneration of the bone. (found in small sacs called Bursa) * Synovial Fluid- Acts as a lubricant in a joint. Helps keeps moving surfaces apart and provides a cushioning or shock absorbing effect. * LIGAMENTS= BONE TO BONE TENDONS= MUSCLE TO BONE * AGONIST The con tracting or shortening muscle. We will write a custom essay sample on Pdhpe Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page * ANTAGONIST The relaxing or lengthening muscle. * STABILISERS Provides stabilization. The muscle partially contracts during movement in order to support the main movement occurring. * ISOMETRIC (Static Contraction) Muscle contracts but does not change in length. Two Types of Isotonic Contractions are: * CONCENTRIC Muscle shortens, contracts, working muscle. (Also known as the AGONIST) * ECCENTRIC Muscle lengthens, relaxing muscle. (Also known as the ANTAGONIST) * ISOTONIC (Dynamic Contraction) Muscle contracts and there is change in length causing movement. * FUNCTION OF BONES To keep our bodies in place and protect other major parts of our body. cranium protects the brain) * What are ligaments Join Bone to Bone and are there to avoid the clashing of bones. * 3 Types of Joints Synovial, Cartilage and Fibrous. * What Is Synovial Fluid A lubricant that helps moving fluids apart. * Isometric Muscular Contraction When your muscle contracts, however does not change, e. g. leaning on a door. * Function of Muscle Tissue Attached to bones and allows us to move different body parts. * RESPIRATION The process by which the body takes oxygen (O? ) and removes Carbon Dioxide (CO? ). The Respiratory System Process Air (Oxygen) v Nose and Mouth v Pharynx v Bronchus v Bronchi v Bronchioles v Alveoli * ALVEOLI One * BRONCHUS one * BRONCHEI Both (Left and Right) * HAEMOGLOBIN Combining agent in the RED blood cells. * PLASMA Makes up 55% of Blood, 90% is water, carries nutrients, controls body heat through sweating. * Red Blood Cells Formed in the Bone Marrow. Life span of 90-120 days. Regeneration is constant. Carries oxygen and Carbon Dioxide around the body. Oxygen combines to Hemoglobin * White Blood Cells Formed in the bone marrow and Lymph Nodes. Move AGAINST blood flow. Fight off infections. * Platelets No Nucleus, Life Span of 10-12 days. Clotting agent to repair damaged blood vessels. * INSPIRATION Breathing in, Air going into the Lungs, Diaphragm contracts * EXPIRATION Breathing our, Air moves from Lungs and out through mouth and nose, Diaphragm relaxes. * DIASTOLE (Relaxing or filling phase) Blood returns to the heart from the lungs and the body and fills up both chambers. * SYSTOLE (Contracting or pumping phase) flows from Atrium to Ventricle, to Lungs and body. Heart contracts and is pumped out to lungs and body. Cardiac Cycle * Diastole * Systole ARTERIES * Take blood away from the heart * Thick strong elastic walls * Smooth Tissue * High pressure * Contains more oxygen VEINS * Takes blood to the heart * Thinner walls than arteries * Have values to prevent back flow * More Carbon Dioxide * Less pressure CAPILLARIES * Smallest blood Vessels * Very Thin * Where diffusion occurs (exchanging of gases) VV Veins have vessels AA Arteries take blood away from the heart (oxygenated) BLOOD PRESSURE Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by blood on walls of blood vessels.